BIOEB102 Introduction to Ecology and Biodiversity Assessment Topic

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In this document you will find

• The essay topics: there are two options, you select
• The essay topic writing guide: use this to help answer the
• Presentation notes: All essays should follow these guidelines.
• Quick check list: Before you hand in your essay, use the checklist

 

Your essay should draw from published scientific studies and presented following the essay presentation guidelines. This is an individual assignment and it will be run through Turning to detect for plagiarism and AI.

Your essay is due on Friday 18 August before 5:00 pm. It must be submitted online via Moodle, there is no hard copy submission required.

Topic one:

Many plants and fungi exist symbiotically, with mycorrhizal networks increasing mineral uptake for plants. Increasing evidence also shows that mycorrhizae are used beyond the organism level with whole populations and communities using the “wood wide net”. Using the two key papers provided and at least three other peer-reviewed sources discuss how these interactions can be both positive (warning of predators or exchanging defense toxins, exchanging nutrients, and kin recognition) and negative (toxins can be passed to compete with neighbors).

Key papers:

Castro-Delgado, A. L., Elizondo-Meson, S., Valla dares-Cruz, Y., & Rivera-Méndez, W. (2020). Wood Wide Web: communication through the mycorrhizal network. Revisit Technology on Marche, 33(4), 114-125.

Rhodes, C. J. (2017). The whispering world of plants: ‘The wood wide web’. Science Progress, 100(3), 331-337.

Topic two:

Inspired by the parasitic fungus Ophiocordyceps spp., the TV show “The last of us” plays on the idea of a fungus turning humans into zombies. This idea of parasites manipulating their hosts is based in reality, with numerous examples existing in nature. The hosts and parasites exist in an evolutionary arms race as they adapt to each other. Using the key papers provided and at least three other peer reviewed sources, discuss three examples where parasitic species (can be parasite or parasitoids) maximize their own reproductive success by influencing their hosts’ behavior and how host species are affected.

Key papers:

Hughes, D.P., Andersen, S.B., Hywel-Jones, N.L., Hamman, W., Billon, J., & Bloomsome, J.J. (2011). Behavioral mechanisms and morphological symptoms of zombie ants dying from fungal infection. BMC Ecology, 11(13), 1-10.

Meyer, C. J., Cassidy, K. A., Strahler, E. E., Bran dell, E. E., Anton, C. B., Strahler, D. R., & Smith, D. W. (2022). Parasitic infection increases risk-taking in a social, intermediate host

carnivore. Communications Biology, 5(1), 1180.

Topic one: Mycorrhizal network
Introduction · Biology introductions are a single short opening paragraph. ·Outlines for the reader the scope of the essay (what are you going to cover) · Should include any key organism names (you do not have to give the name of every organism in your essay)	5
Mycorrhizal network · General introduction to the mycorrhizal network (what is it, why is it used?) · Brief explanation of ectomycorrhizae (EM) and arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) · Minimum two sources published since 2003	10
Key areas · You must discuss THREE of these: Defence (mutual), nutrient exchange, kin recognition, competition. · In all cases you should be explaining how plants use the mycorrhizal network by giving an example. · For full marks you would use key findings from an experiment that has shown the process. ·Each section should have a minimum of two sources published since 2003.	3 x 10
Conclusion · Summarises the key findings in a final single paragraph · Provides overall conclusion of the essay	5
Spelling and grammar	5
Scientific formatting and rules followed · This includes things like double line spacing, margin size, binomial formatting, use of contractions, units, consistency, chemical expressions, and numbers. For each error 1 will be deducted.	5
In text citation · Correct formatting · Citations given where required .No quotes	5
Sources used · Minimum 5 peer reviewed sources · No unacceptable sources used (max 2 marks if poor sources used) ·Sources not older than 20 years ·You will be awarded 0 if you do not have any citations or do not use the key papers provided.	5
Correct presentation of reference list · Harvard or APA · Consistent and correct · You will be awarded 0 if you do not have any citations or do not use the key papers provided.	5
Mark for presentation	25
Total marks for essay	75

 

Topic two: Parasite-host behavioural manipulation
Introduction · Biology introductions are a single short opening paragraph. · Outlines for the reader the scope of the essay (what are you going to cover) · Should include any key organism names (you do not have to give the name of every organism in your essay)	5
Evolutionary arms race · General introduction to the term evolutionary arms race (what is it, how is it relevant to this topic). · Minimum two sources, older sources accepted.	10
Examples · You need to provide three examples. · In all cases you should be explaining what species are involved, what the benefit is for the parasite, and what (if anything) the host species does to counter. · For full marks you would use key findings from an experiment that has shown the process. · Each section should have a minimum of two sources published since 2003	3 x 10
Conclusion · Summarises the key findings in a final single paragraph · Provides overall conclusion of the essay Provides overall conclusion of the essay · No new information is introduced	5
Spelling and grammar	5
Scientific formatting and rules followed · This includes things like double line spacing, margin size, binomial formatting, use of contractions, units, consistency, chemical expressions, and numbers. For each error 1 will be deducted.	5
In text citation · Correct formatting · Citations given where required · No quotes	5
Sources used · Minimum 5 peer reviewed sources · No unacceptable sources used max 2 marks if poor sources used · You will be awarded 0 if you do not have any citations or do not use the key papers provided.	5
Correct presentation of reference list · Harvard or APA · Consistent and correct · You will be awarded 0 if you do not have any citations or do not use the key papers provided.	5
Mark for presentation	25
Total marks for essay	75
Spelling and grammar	5

 

First Year Biology Essay Presentation Information 

As part of the assessment for this course, you are required to submit an essay. This is to develop your ability to pull together information from a range of sources and to combine it in a thoughtful and meaningful way. We want you to think critically about an issue, rather than simply regurgitate facts.

Essays will be marked on structure and presentation as well as content. This means that you do need to take care with things like spelling, punctuation, and grammar. The follow pages outlines the basic presentation rules, we follow APA formatting. This is not an extensive list, it is advisable that you look at a writing guide for science such as Writing for Science: a practical handbook for science, engineering and technology students by H. Silyn-Roberts.

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