BTGY 516 Cell and Molecular Biology Assignment Answers

 

Assignment Details:-

• Number of Words: 1000

 

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Key concepts:

1. Cell reprogramming and pluripotent stem cells
2. Embryonic stem (ES) cells can generate any part of the body.
3. A core set of transcription regulators defines and maintains the ES cell state.
4. Fibroblasts can be reprogrammed to create induced Pluripotent Stem cells (iPS cells).
5. Reprogramming involves a massive upheaval of the gene control system.
6. ES and iPS cells can be guided to generate specific adult cell types and even whole organs.
7. ES and iPS cells are useful for drug discovery and analysis of disease.

Relevant Laboratory Techniques:

1. Bisulfite sequencing—a method used to analyze the methylation of DNA.
2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis (ChIP)
3. Microarray
4. Southern blot—involves separation of DNA fragments based on size, transfer of DNA to a membrane, and then the use of a labeled probe to detect specific DNA sequences.
5. RT-PCR
6. Western blot

Short Answer Questions

1. What are embryonic stem (ES) cells, and why are they useful?

2. What is the goal of the work described this paper? What strategy did the authors use?

3. What characteristics did the iPS-MEF24 cells have that suggested these cells were pluripotent?

4. What was the next step that the authors took? What was their approach, and what did they find?

5. What experiments did the authors perform to demonstrate that the iPS-MEF4 cells were pluripotent? Are you convinced by their data? Why or why not?

6. Dr Shinya Yamanaka, the senior author on this paper, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for his work on stem cells. Why was this work so exciting?

7. If you were going to continue this work, what would you choose to follow up on?

 

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