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- Sample Questions
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- Explain the mode of action and the rationale for administering Frusemide (how it works and why it’s given)
Case Study Mrs A Mrs A is a 71 year old widow admitted to your ward this morning with chronic heart failure and osteoarthritis who has recently been exhibiting quite unusual behavior. Over the last 2-3 months, Mrs A has become confused, easily fatigued and very irritable. She has developed disturbing obsessive/compulsive behavior constantly complaining that her lace curtains were dirty and required frequent washing. Detailed questioning revealed that she thought they were yellow-green and possibly moldy. Her usual prescribed medications are: · Frusemide 40 mg daily in the morning
· Digoxin 250 micrograms daily
· Mylanta suspension, 20 ml prn
Explain the mode of action for digoxin (how does it work)
- Review Mrs A’s prescribed medications and discuss any possible interactions that may occur between Frusemide, Digoxin and Mylanta (please use AusDi or the AMH in the Tafe Library where possible)
Mrs A is being prepared for discharge 4 days later. Her discharge prescriptions are completed by the doctor. Age related changes alter the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of drugs, please briefly discuss the influence of Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs in general for the older client
.Case Study Mr B
Case Study Mr B Mr B is a 65 year old man admitted to your ward, diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia. At 10am, the Registered Nurse dilutes his intravenous Amoxicillin 1gm in 100ml minibag and connects it to his IV cannula. He has frail veins so the flow rate is set to run slowly via gravity infusion.
After a short period of time Mr B buzzes for a nurse, when you enter the room, Mr B states that he is feeling itchy all over (especially the chest area). You note that he has noisy breathing and he can’t talk properly because his tongue is swelling. Mr B is having trouble breathing, and pointing to his chest, indicating chest tightness.
Define adverse drug reaction.
Describe your role as an EN responding to Mr B’s nurse call bell. Include in your answer,
- Follow-up assessments you as the EN may do over the next 15mins,
- Who would you consult with throughout this event
- What would you need to document?
- How would you evaluate your clients understanding of their new allergy
- Identify the changes that should be added to his medication chart? (you must refer to the national medication chart for this answer)
Amelia Bling is a 65 year old Aboriginal woman who has been admitted to the orthopaedic ward following a fall in her bathroom. She had a 3 day history or vomiting and diahroeaOn admission to emergency she was noted to be significantly dehydrated. Amelia stated that she felt dizzy when standing up and just woke up on the floor with a sore hip. X-ray confirmed a left fractured neck of femur. Her medical history includes:
· Type 2 diabetes
· Hypertension
· Obesity, BMI 31.5.
Her current regular medications are:
· Metformin daily
· Ramipril 2.5mgs daily.
· Metoprolol 25mg BD
You are caring for Amelia day 2 post surgery for a total hip replacement. she has an IDC, PCA and IV therapy of Normal Saline 1 litre over 12hhrs – repeating order
- Discuss the nursing assessment you as a EN would undertake to evaluate the significance of a patient who may have potential fluid overload ( remember this is the assessment a EN would do, not what the doctor would order – please include at least 4 points)
Amelia is reviewed by the pain assessment team who decide to cease her Morphine Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) at 0800 hrs. The doctor prescribes:· Endone 5mgs 6Hrly · Paracetamol 1gm 4Hrly
At 1100 hrs, Amelia presses the call bell. Upon entering her room, you discover her crying and she informs you that she has ‘unbearable’ pain.
- Explain the process of completing a pain assessment on Amelia – using a pain assessment tool?
- Discuss 3 complementary therapies strategies that you as the EN may implement to alleviate Amelia’s pain during her stay in hospital
- Identify which drug schedule applies to Endone and discuss the storage requirements for this medication – especially storage requirements for a health care facility.
- Provide an example of what you would write in the nursing notes when doing the documentation once the pain relieving medication has been administered – including follow-up assessment
- In your own words briefly discuss your understanding of traditional medicine in the context of
health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
Some medications have Individualised doses based on a patient’s weight and body surface area – (BSA) (for both children, frail adults, adults) for instance chemotherapy drugs – as many of these drugs are very toxic with a narrow therapeutic range. While you may not calculate these doses you are required to have an understanding of how to do a calculation using BSA. The units of BSA are per square meter (m2 ). BSA is calculated from a formula that employs the height and weight – there are numerous formulas – in use here is the Mosteller formula – one of the most commonly usedMostella formula used to calculate BSA is
BSA (in m2) = square root of (ht in cm x wt in kg/3600)
Or
BSA (in m2) = square root of (ht in cm x wt in kg) x 60 (as the square root of 3600 = 60)
CASE STUDY
Mrs Jones is a 76yr old woman who is to commence chemotherapy. Her weight is 51kg and her height is 165cm
To calculate BSA of Mrs Jones –
Using a calculator with a Square root symbot √ (51 X 165) = /60 = 1.52(m2 ). OR
√(51×165/3600) = 1.52(m2 ).
You will note I have rounded down. Always check with facility policy for rounding up or down if you are in this situation for specific drugs like this
Therefore Mrs Jones BSA (m2 ) is 1.52 (m2 ).
Please answer the following question in reference to Mrs Jones (note the BSA is as above)
Mrs Jones is ordered Cisplatin (for CA of the bladder) 50mgs per (m2 ) as a single IV infusion.
Please calculate using the above BSA for Mrs Jones how many mgs will be needed
Review the side effects of digoxin; looking at the above scenario – discuss aspects of Mrs A’s history that may be related to these side effects. Your immediate priority’s, (remember he has a IV)Discuss the education (regarding his new allergy) that should be provided to Mr B after he recovers from this event?
- Explain the mode of action and the rationale for administering Frusemide (how it works and why it’s given)
